GREEK BUSINESS LAW
- Έκδοση: 2013
- Βιβλιοδεσία: Εύκαμπτη
- Σελίδες: 300
- ISBN: 978-960-562-171-1
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- Black friday εκδόσεις: 30%
Published under the auspices of Nomiki Bibliothiki, the Kelemenis & Co. Series in Business Law aims to provide handbooks and monographs for businesses and legal practitioners and do so in plain language and with a pragmatic approach. It is an initiative that has evolved beyond the firmʼs numerous publications, in Greek and in English, over the past few years, which have communicated some of the firmʼs accumulated knowledge and experience of the practice of business law to a wider audience. Together with Nomiki Bibliothiki, we have concluded that the time was ripe for the firmʼs well-received publications to go beyond legal and tax newsletters and alerts, and beyond articles in refereed journals and chapters in edited volumes, some of which have already been published by prominent law publishers (e.g. Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, Sweet & Maxwell). Indeed, the driving force behind launching such a business law series, a novelty for the Greek legal setting, is the need for publications in core areas of business law, which are written in a straightforward and practical manner for both lawyers and non-lawyers without compromising the key qualities expected of a legal publication. This is the need that Nomiki Bibliothiki and Kelemenis & Co. have set out to tackle by launching this new series.
Ιn the case of this first volume “Greek Business Law: A Handbook for Businesses and Legal Practitioners”, it has been assessed that an outline of Greek business law, which is written in English and can reach out to a readership beyond the Greek business and legal community, is missing from the existing literature and that an English text can better facilitate the access of businesses, domestic and foreign, and of foreign legal practitioners to Greek business law. The approach that the series and this first volume aim to serve is demonstrated by the broad definition given to business law. Rather than being closely linked to commercial law (to which, of course, it is), business law has been treated as a wider body of law that encompasses all key areas of law that impact the operation of a business. In this context, branches of law such as employment, tax, public procurement, data protection or commercial litigation, which would not normally find their way into typical business/commercial law books, have been integrated into the seriesʼ definition of business law to reflect their strong relevance to the way a business operates and is regulated.
“Greek Business Law: A Handbook for Businesses and Legal Practitioners” has drawn, to a large extent, on the firmʼs everyday commercial and business experience. Clearly, it is a handbook that is not exhaustive in terms of either scope or each chapterʼs subject matter. There are areas that have been put aside to be dealt with in a later edition; and there are sections whose degree of detail could arguably be greater. Be that as it may, my objective has been to provide a reasonably sufficient degree of detail for a book that needs to strike a good balance between being a reference work and a handbook with a voluminous subject matter that cannot be dealt with in its entirety nor in substantial detail. In this context, the objective of this book is to cover most key areas of Greek business law in a clear, informative and succinct manner without following strict rules of scholarly writing (e.g. footnotes and references) or covering every possible aspect of Greek business law.
FOREWORD | Σελ. VII |
ABBREVIATIONS | Σελ. IX |
1. Introduction: General System of Law | Σελ. 1 |
PART I: ISSUES IN CIVIL LAW | |
2. Contracts | Σελ. 2 |
2.1. Introduction | Σελ. 2 |
2.2. Formation of contracts | Σελ. 2 |
2.2.1. Capacity of parties to conclude contracts | Σελ. 2 |
2.2.2. Meeting of declarations of will | Σελ. 2 |
2.2.3. Formalities | Σελ. 3 |
2.3. Non-performance of obligations | Σελ. 3 |
2.3.1. Impossibility of performance | Σελ. 3 |
2.3.2. Delay | Σελ. 3 |
2.3.3. Rescission | Σελ. 4 |
2.4. Responsibility | Σελ. 4 |
2.4.1. Responsibility for one's conduct | Σελ. 4 |
2.4.2. Responsibility for employees | Σελ. 4 |
2.4.3. The problem of altered circumstances | Σελ. 4 |
2.5. Commercial contracts | Σελ. 5 |
2.5.1. Commercial contracts stricto sensu | Σελ. 5 |
2.5.2. Service contracts | Σελ. 5 |
2.5.3. Banking and finance contracts | Σελ. 5 |
2.6. Assignments | Σελ. 6 |
3. Real Property | Σελ. 6 |
3.1. Real property rights and related distinctions | Σελ. 6 |
3.2. Division of real property | Σελ. 7 |
3.3. Ways of property acquisition under Greek law | Σελ. 8 |
3.4. Taxation of real property | Σελ. 8 |
3.4.1. Taxes imposed on the transfer of property | Σελ. 8 |
3.4.2. Real estate tax | Σελ. 9 |
3.4.3. Special tax on real estate | Σελ. 9 |
3.4.4. Extraordinary duty on real estate (E.E.T.I.D.E. or E.E.T.A) | Σελ. 10 |
3.4.5. Capital gains tax | Σελ. 10 |
3.5. Restrictions in real estate property | Σελ. 10 |
3.6. Recordation of property transactions | Σελ. 11 |
3.7. Real estate investment companies | Σελ. 12 |
4. Security Rights | Σελ. 12 |
4.1. Types of collateral | Σελ. 12 |
4.2. Perfection and priority | Σελ. 13 |
4.2.1. Hypothec on immoveable property | Σελ. 13 |
4.2.2. Hypothec pre-notation on immoveable property | Σελ. 13 |
4.2.3. Preferred ship mortgage and ship hypothec | Σελ. 14 |
4.2.4. Pledge on moveable tangible property | Σελ. 14 |
4.2.5. Pledge of a negotiable instrument | Σελ. 14 |
4.2.6. Pledge of receivables and intangible property | Σελ. 14 |
4.2.7. Guarantee | Σελ. 14 |
4.3. Priority of liens | Σελ. 14 |
4.4. Steps for foreclosing on and selling collateral | Σελ. 15 |
4.4.1. Foreclosure | Σελ. 15 |
4.4.2. Sale | Σελ. 15 |
PART II: ISSUES IN COMMERCIAL LAW | |
5. Merchants and Non-Merchants | Σελ. 17 |
6. Agency and Commercial Representation | Σελ. 17 |
6.1. Commercial agents | Σελ. 17 |
6.2. Distributors | Σελ. 18 |
6.3. Franchising | Σελ. 19 |
7. Commercial Papers | Σελ. 20 |
7.1. Bills of exchange | Σελ. 20 |
7.2. Promissory notes | Σελ. 21 |
7.3. Checks | Σελ. 22 |
8. Consumer Protection | Σελ. 23 |
8.1. Legislative framework | Σελ. 23 |
8.1.1. The consumer protection statute | Σελ. 23 |
8.1.2. Other legislative acts | Σελ. 29 |
8.2. Definition of consumer | Σελ. 30 |
8.3. Consumer policy institutions | Σελ. 30 |
8.3.1. General Secretariat of Consumer Affairs | Σελ. 30 |
8.3.2. Mediating services | Σελ. 31 |
8.4. Consumer associations | Σελ. 31 |
8.5. Product liability | Σελ. 32 |
8.6. Sanctions and remedies | Σελ. 33 |
8.6.1. Civil sanctions and remedies | Σελ. 33 |
8.6.2. Criminal sanctions | Σελ. 34 |
9. Intellectual Property | Σελ. 34 |
9.1. Industrial property | Σελ. 34 |
9.1.1. Patents and utility models | Σελ. 34 |
9.1.2. Application for patents and utility models | Σελ. 35 |
9.1.3. Examination procedure for patents and utility models | Σελ. 35 |
9.1.4. Publications for patents and utility models | Σελ. 36 |
9.1.5. Extent of protection | Σελ. 37 |
9.2. Trademarks | Σελ. 37 |
9.2.1. Definition | Σελ. 37 |
9.2.2. Registration procedure | Σελ. 39 |
9.2.3. Duration and cancellation of trademarks | Σελ. 41 |
9.3. Copyright | Σελ. 41 |
9.3.1. Economic and moral rights | Σελ. 41 |
9.3.2. Public performance | Σελ. 42 |
9.3.3. Restrictions on copyright and related rights | Σελ. 42 |
9.3.4. Collective protection societies | Σελ. 43 |
10. Competition | Σελ. 43 |
10.1. The recent overhaul of competition legislation | Σελ. 43 |
10.2. The Hellenic Competition Authority (HCC) | Σελ. 44 |
10.2.1. Prioritization of cases | Σελ. 45 |
10.2.2. Time-frame for the issuance of decisions | Σελ. 45 |
10.3. Anticompetitive agreements | Σελ. 45 |
10.4. Abuse of dominant position | Σελ. 46 |
10.5. Prior notification of concentrations | Σελ. 47 |
10.5.1. Definition of concentrations | Σελ. 47 |
10.5.2. Obligation for pre-notification of concentrations | Σελ. 47 |
10.5.3. Notification procedure | Σελ. 48 |
10.5.4. Two-phase examination | Σελ. 49 |
10.5.5. Post-merger notification | Σελ. 50 |
10.6. Judicial review | Σελ. 50 |
10.7. Sanctions | Σελ. 51 |
10.7.1. Administrative sanctions | Σελ. 51 |
10.7.2. Criminal sanctions | Σελ. 52 |
11. Unfair Competition | Σελ. 52 |
11.1. Legal framework | Σελ. 52 |
11.2. Scope of application | Σελ. 53 |
11.3. Legal defence | Σελ. 53 |
12. E-commerce | Σελ. 54 |
12.1. Introduction | Σελ. 54 |
12.2. Commercial communications | Σελ. 54 |
12.2.1. Conditions under which electronic information may be communicated | Σελ. 54 |
12.2.2. Unsolicited commercial communications | Σελ. 54 |
12.2.3. Marketing campaigns and spamming | Σελ. 55 |
12.2.4. Regulated professions/occupations | Σελ. 55 |
12.3. Contracts concluded by electronic means | Σελ. 55 |
12.3.1. Conclusion of e-contracts | Σελ. 55 |
12.3.2. Issuing and storing e-invoices for online transactions | Σελ. 56 |
12.3.3. Right of withdrawal | Σελ. 57 |
12.4. Liability of Intermediary Service Providers | Σελ. 57 |
12.4.1. Online intermediaries | Σελ. 57 |
12.4.2. Limitation of liability | Σελ. 57 |
13. Insurance | Σελ. 58 |
13.1. The private (re)insurance regulatory framework | Σελ. 58 |
13.2. Non-admitted (re)insurance | Σελ. 58 |
13.3. Consequences of a non-admitted (re)insurer covering risks in Greece | Σελ. 59 |
13.4. Requirements for granting license to an insurer in Greece | Σελ. 59 |
13.5. Requirements for granting a license to a reinsurer in Greece | Σελ. 59 |
13.6. Procedure for the grant of license regarding the conduct of (re)insurance business | Σελ. 60 |
13.7. Requirements for the provision of (re)insurance cover by non-Greek (re)insurance undertakings | Σελ. 60 |
13.8. Solvency requirements of (re)insurance undertakings | Σελ. 60 |
13.9. Insurance insolvency winding-up proceedings | Σελ. 61 |
13.10. Requirements regarding the conduct of insurance business in Greece by EU/EEA (re)insurers | Σελ. 61 |
13.11. Insurance mediation | Σελ. 62 |
13.12. Types of insurance intermediaries | Σελ. 62 |
13.13. Prerequisites for undertaking insurance mediation business in Greece | Σελ. 63 |
13.14. Minimum statutory/regulatory context of an insurance contract | Σελ. 63 |
13.15. Statutory/regulatory requirements for the protection of the policyholder | Σελ. 64 |
13.16. Insurer's right to revoke cover | Σελ. 64 |
13.17. Principles regarding multiple insurance | Σελ. 65 |
13.18. Principles regarding under/over-insurance | Σελ. 65 |
13.19. Filing a direct action against the insurer by a third party | Σελ. 65 |
14. Bankruptcy and Insolvency | Σελ. 66 |
14.1. Reorganization and insolvency regulation | Σελ. 66 |
14.2. Conditions for the initiation of insolvency procedures | Σελ. 66 |
14.3. Commencement of rehabilitation process | Σελ. 67 |
14.4. Bodies involved in the rehabilitation process | Σελ. 68 |
14.5. Prerequisites for the official conclusion of a rehabilitation rescue plan | Σελ. 68 |
14.6. Mechanisms used to protect business assets in pre-bankruptcy | Σελ. 69 |
14.7. The special liquidation procedure | Σελ. 70 |
14.8. Effects of bankruptcy proceedings | Σελ. 72 |
14.9. Post-bankruptcy reorganization procedures | Σελ. 73 |
14.10. Ranking of creditors in bankruptcy procedures | Σελ. 74 |
14.11. Liability of a director, parent company (domestic or foreign) or other party for the debts of an insolvent company | Σελ. 74 |
14.12. Setting aside transactions of a company that becomes insolvent | Σελ. 75 |
PART III: LAW OF BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS | |
15. Business Organisations | Σελ. 77 |
15.1. Company Limited by Shares (Soci?t? Anonyme or SA) | Σελ. 77 |
15.1.1. Formation of a SA | Σελ. 77 |
15.1.2. Share capital | Σελ. 78 |
15.1.3. General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) | Σελ. 79 |
15.1.4. Key rights, duties and liabilities of the shareholder | Σελ. 80 |
15.1.5. Rights of minority shareholders | Σελ. 82 |
15.1.6. Board of Directors (BoD) | Σελ. 83 |
15.1.7. Accounting books and records | Σελ. 84 |
15.1.8. Audit requirements | Σελ. 85 |
15.1.9. Government supervision | Σελ. 85 |
15.1.10. Transfer of non-listed shares | Σελ. 86 |
15.1.11. Transfer of listed shares | Σελ. 86 |
15.2. Company with Limited Liability (Eteria Periorismenis Efthynis or EPE) | Σελ. 87 |
15.2.1. Formation of an EPE | Σελ. 87 |
15.2.2. Capital and units | Σελ. 88 |
15.2.3. Administration | Σελ. 88 |
15.2.4. Partners' meeting | Σελ. 89 |
15.2.5. Accounting Books and Records | Σελ. 90 |
15.2.6. Audit requirements | Σελ. 90 |
15.2.7. Reporting requirements | Σελ. 90 |
15.2.8. Distribution of profits | Σελ. 90 |
15.2.9. Liquidation | Σελ. 91 |
15.3. Private Company (Idiotiki Kefaleouhiki Eteria or IKE) | Σελ. 91 |
15.3.1. Formation of an IKE | Σελ. 91 |
15.3.2. Duration | Σελ. 92 |
15.3.3. Capital and units | Σελ. 92 |
15.3.4. Administration | Σελ. 93 |
15.3.5. Partners' meeting | Σελ. 93 |
15.3.6. Accounting Books and Records | Σελ. 94 |
15.3.7. Audit requirements | Σελ. 94 |
15.4. General Partnership (Omorythmos Eteria or OE) | Σελ. 94 |
15.5. Limited Partnership (Eterorythmos Eteria or EE) | Σελ. 95 |
15.6. European Company (Societas Europaea or SE) | Σελ. 95 |
15.7. Branch of a foreign company | Σελ. 95 |
15.8. Offshore Entities (Statute 89/1967) | Σελ. 96 |
15.9. Joint Venture | Σελ. 97 |
15.10. European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) | Σελ. 97 |
PART IV: ISSUES IN M&A AND CAPITAL MARKETS | |
16. Mergers & Acquisitions (Public) | Σελ. 99 |
16.1. Obtaining control of a public company | Σελ. 99 |
16.2. Regulation of public takeovers and mergers | Σελ. 99 |
16.3. Due diligence enquiries in recommended and hostile bids | Σελ. 100 |
16.4. Preliminary outlining the bid agreement | Σελ. 101 |
16.5. Disclosure and notification requirements, restrictions and timetables | Σελ. 101 |
16.6. Mandatory offer | Σελ. 103 |
16.7. Formal agreement between the bidder and the target | Σελ. 103 |
16.8. Break fees and withdrawal of an offer | Σελ. 104 |
16.9. Announcing and making the offer | Σελ. 104 |
16.10. Conditions attached to a takeover offer | Σελ. 106 |
16.11. Offer document | Σελ. 107 |
16.12. Process of mandatory offer | Σελ. 109 |
16.13. Regulations for a minimum level of consideration | Σελ. 110 |
16.14. Squeeze-out and sell-out rights | Σελ. 111 |
16.15. Defending a hostile bid (pre- and post-bid) | Σελ. 111 |
16.16. Restrictions or disclosure requirements imposed on persons | Σελ. 112 |
16.17. Delisting | Σελ. 113 |
17. Spin-offs and Transfer of Business and Assets | Σελ. 113 |
17.1. Business vs asset deals | Σελ. 113 |
17.2. Civil liability issues | Σελ. 114 |
17.3. Employment issues | Σελ. 114 |
17.4. Tax treatment | Σελ. 114 |
17.4.1. Transfer of business | Σελ. 114 |
17.4.2. Transfer of assets | Σελ. 115 |
17.5. Types of spin offs under Greek corporate law | Σελ. 115 |
17.6. Procedures applicable to divisions | Σελ. 116 |
18. Open-ended Mutual Funds and Closed-ended Funds | Σελ. 117 |
18.1. Open-ended mutual funds | Σελ. 118 |
18.2. Closed - ended funds | Σελ. 120 |
18.3. Foreign funds | Σελ. 121 |
19. Venture Capital | Σελ. 122 |
19.1. Brief overview of the venture capital market in Greece | Σελ. 122 |
19.2. Tax incentive schemes encouraging investment in venture capital companies | Σελ. 123 |
19.3. Legal structure(s) commonly used as vehicles for venture capital funds in Greece | Σελ. 123 |
19.4. Regulation of venture capital funds | Σελ. 124 |
19.5. Regulation of the relationship between investor and fund | Σελ. 124 |
19.6. Rights of a fund in its capacity as holder of preferred shares | Σελ. 124 |
19.7. Rights commonly used to give a fund some management control over an investee company | Σελ. 125 |
19.8. Restrictions on the transfer of shares by shareholders | Σελ. 125 |
19.9. Protections of investors as minority shareholders | Σελ. 126 |
PART V: TAX | |
20. Taxation of Business Entities | Σελ. 127 |
20.1. Main taxable legal entities | Σελ. 127 |
20.2. Income tax rates | Σελ. 127 |
20.3. Withholding tax on dividends distributed by Greek companies and Greek branches | Σελ. 127 |
20.4. Permanent Establishment (PE) | Σελ. 129 |
20.5. Taxable business income (net profit before tax) in Greece | Σελ. 130 |
20.6. Tax deductibility of expenses | Σελ. 130 |
20.7. Special anti-abuse rules | Σελ. 131 |
20.8. Transfer pricing rules | Σελ. 132 |
20.8.1. Arm's length principle | Σελ. 132 |
20.8.2. Definition of associated companies | Σελ. 132 |
20.8.3. Transfer pricing documentation requirements | Σελ. 132 |
20.8.4. Violation of transfer pricing reporting and rules | Σελ. 133 |
20.8.5. Advance pricing arrangements | Σελ. 133 |
20.9. Filing of income tax returns | Σελ. 133 |
20.10. Certificates filed with the tax returns | Σελ. 134 |
20.11. Advance taxes | Σελ. 134 |
20.12. Credit for taxes paid abroad | Σελ. 134 |
20.13. Carrying tax losses forward | Σελ. 134 |
20.14. Taxation rules for the liquidation process | Σελ. 135 |
20.15. Special rules applicable to specific sectors | Σελ. 135 |
20.16. VAT | Σελ. 135 |
20.16.1. Main characteristics | Σελ. 135 |
20.16.2. VAT rates | Σελ. 136 |
20.17. Stamp duty | Σελ. 136 |
20.18. Tax Issues from financing Greek companies | Σελ. 136 |
20.18.1. Capital tax on equity | Σελ. 136 |
20.18.2. Stamp duty on private (not bank) loans | Σελ. 137 |
20.18.3. Bank loans | Σελ. 138 |
20.18.4. Setting interest rates between associated companies for tax purposes | Σελ. 139 |
20.18.5. Greek withholding tax on interest | Σελ. 139 |
20.18.6. Taxes and duties on financing through corporate bonds | Σελ. 141 |
PART VI: INCENTIVES | |
21. Incentives | Σελ. 143 |
21.1. Legal framework - Types of grants | Σελ. 143 |
21.2. Amount of grants | Σελ. 143 |
21.3. Regulations regarding the maximum amount of grants | Σελ. 144 |
21.4. Investor's own contribution | Σελ. 145 |
21.5. Procedural key points of the Incentives Law | Σελ. 146 |
21.6. Obligations of the project company | Σελ. 147 |
21.7. Recent amendments | Σελ. 148 |
21.8. Tax incentives for corporate restructurings | Σελ. 149 |
21.8.1. Key laws and incentives | Σελ. 149 |
21.8.2. Selecting between laws 1297/1972 and 2166/1993 | Σελ. 150 |
PART VII: FOREIGN TRADE AND INVESTMENT | |
22. Foreign Trade and Foreign Direct Investment | Σελ. 151 |
22.1. Duties in foreign trade | Σελ. 151 |
22.2. Foreign investment and ownership restrictions | Σελ. 151 |
22.3. Documentation formalities | Σελ. 152 |
22.4. Government approvals | Σελ. 152 |
22.5. Restrictions on bringing in foreigners to work in Greece and on importing equipment | Σελ. 152 |
22.6. Laws regarding the nationalisation or expropriation of project companies and assets | Σελ. 153 |
22.7. Fiscal treatment of foreign investment | Σελ. 153 |
22.8. Government authorities regulating key sectors | Σελ. 154 |
PART VIII: EMPLOYMENT | |
23. Employment | Σελ. 157 |
23.1. General principles | Σελ. 157 |
23.1.1. Forums for adjudicating employment disputes | Σελ. 157 |
23.1.2. National law and employees working for foreign companies | Σελ. 157 |
23.1.3. National law and employees of national companies working in another jurisdiction | Σελ. 157 |
23.2. Hiring the employee | Σελ. 158 |
23.2.1. Legal requirements as to the form of agreement | Σελ. 158 |
23.2.2. Mandatory requirements | Σελ. 158 |
23.2.3. Flexible types of employment under Greek labour legislation | Σελ. 163 |
23.2.4. Other Provisions | Σελ. 164 |
23.3. Maintaining the employee relationship | Σελ. 165 |
23.3.1. Changes to the contract | Σελ. 165 |
23.3.2. Change in ownership of the business | Σελ. 166 |
23.3.3. Social security contributions | Σελ. 166 |
23.3.4. Accidents at work | Σελ. 166 |
23.3.5. Discipline and grievance | Σελ. 167 |
23.3.6. Harassment/discrimination/equal pay | Σελ. 167 |
23.3.7. Offsetting earnings | Σελ. 167 |
23.4. Special rules | Σελ. 168 |
23.4.1. Payments for maternity and disability leave | Σελ. 168 |
23.4.2. Compulsory insurance | Σελ. 168 |
23.4.3. Absence for military or public service duties | Σελ. 168 |
23.4.4. Works councils or trade unions | Σελ. 168 |
23.4.5. Employees' right to strike | Σελ. 168 |
23.4.6. Employers' responsibility for actions of their employees | Σελ. 168 |
23.5. Firing the employee | Σελ. 169 |
23.5.1. Procedures for terminating the employment agreement | Σελ. 169 |
23.5.2. Instant dismissal | Σελ. 169 |
23.5.3. Employee's resignation | Σελ. 169 |
23.5.4. Termination on notice | Σελ. 169 |
23.5.5. Termination by reason of the employee's age | Σελ. 170 |
23.5.6. Directors or other senior officers | Σελ. 170 |
23.5.7. Special rules for categories of employee | Σελ. 170 |
23.5.8. Specific rules for companies in financial difficulties | Σελ. 171 |
23.5.9. Severance payments | Σελ. 171 |
23.5.10. Special tax provisions and severance payments | Σελ. 173 |
23.5.11. Time limits for claims following termination | Σελ. 173 |
PART IX: PUBLIC PROCUREMENT | |
24. Public Procurement | Σελ. 175 |
24.1. Legislative overview | Σελ. 175 |
24.1.1. National legislation following EU thresholds | Σελ. 175 |
24.1.2. National legislation | Σελ. 175 |
24.2. Applicability of procurement law | Σελ. 176 |
24.2.1. Contracting authority | Σελ. 177 |
24.2.2. Value thresholds | Σελ. 177 |
24.2.3. Extension and amendment of an existing contract | Σελ. 177 |
24.2.4. Transfer of contract | Σελ. 178 |
24.2.5. Privatisations and public-private partnerships (PPPs) | Σελ. 178 |
24.2.6. Services concessions | Σελ. 179 |
24.2.7. Specific provisions for in-house contracts | Σελ. 179 |
24.3. The procurement procedures | Σελ. 179 |
24.3.1. General principles | Σελ. 179 |
24.3.2. Award procedures | Σελ. 180 |
24.3.3. Conclusion of a framework agreement | Σελ. 180 |
24.3.4. Amendments to the composition of the consortium | Σελ. 181 |
24.3.5. Alternative bids | Σελ. 181 |
24.3.6. Bidders' obligations | Σελ. 181 |
24.3.7. Award criteria | Σελ. 181 |
24.3.8. Abnormally low bids | Σελ. 182 |
24.4. Review proceedings and judicial proceedings | Σελ. 182 |
24.4.1. Applicable proceedings | Σελ. 182 |
24.4.2. Legal implications | Σελ. 183 |
PART X: DATA PROTECTION | |
25. Data Protection | Σελ. 185 |
25.1. Legal framework | Σελ. 185 |
25.1.1. International obligations | Σελ. 185 |
25.1.2. Constitutional protection | Σελ. 185 |
25.1.3. Legislative protection | Σελ. 185 |
25.2. The Hellenic Data Protection Authority | Σελ. 186 |
25.3. Definitions | Σελ. 187 |
25.4. Collection and processing of personal data | Σελ. 187 |
25.4.1. Lawful processing | Σελ. 187 |
25.4.2. Criteria for lawful processing | Σελ. 188 |
25.4.3. Notifications - Permits | Σελ. 189 |
25.5. Collection and processing of sensitive data | Σελ. 190 |
25.5.1. Prohibition of processing and derogations | Σελ. 190 |
25.5.2. Interconnection permit | Σελ. 191 |
25.6. Exceptions from the obligation to notify and / or receive permits | Σελ. 191 |
25.7. Cross-border transfer of personal data | Σελ. 192 |
25.7.1. Transfer to EU states | Σελ. 192 |
25.7.2. Transfer to non-EU states | Σελ. 192 |
25.8. Rights of data subjects | Σελ. 194 |
25.8.1. Right to information | Σελ. 194 |
25.8.2. Right to access | Σελ. 194 |
25.8.3. Right to object | Σελ. 195 |
25.9. Sanctions | Σελ. 195 |
25.9.1. Administrative sanctions | Σελ. 195 |
25.9.2. Criminal sanctions | Σελ. 196 |
25.9.3. Civil liability | Σελ. 196 |
PART XI: DISPUTE RESOLUTION | |
26. Civil Actions and Procedures | Σελ. 197 |
26.1. Type of legal system | Σελ. 197 |
26.2. Structure of the Greek civil court system | Σελ. 197 |
26.3. Time limitation in the context of commercial litigation | Σελ. 198 |
26.4. Main stages in ordinary civil proceedings | Σελ. 198 |
26.5. Commencement of civil proceedings | Σελ. 199 |
26.6. Pre-action interim remedies | Σελ. 200 |
26.7. Main elements of the claimant's pleadings | Σελ. 200 |
26.8. Timelines for serving a statement of defence and defending the claim | Σελ. 201 |
26.9. Case allocation system | Σελ. 201 |
26.10. Rules of disclosure | Σελ. 202 |
26.11. Evidence | Σελ. 202 |
26.12. Rules of appeal against a judgment | Σελ. 203 |
26.13. Enforceable instruments | Σελ. 204 |
26.14. Control of enforcement proceedings by the court | Σελ. 204 |
26.15. Execution to satisfy a money claim | Σελ. 204 |
26.16. Lawyers' fees and calculation of interest | Σελ. 205 |
27. Arbitration | Σελ. 205 |
27.1. Use of commercial arbitration | Σελ. 205 |
27.2. Arbitration organisations commonly used in large commercial disputes | Σελ. 206 |
27.3. Applicable legislation | Σελ. 206 |
27.4. Mandatory legislative provisions | Σελ. 207 |
27.5. Requirements for independence or impartiality | Σελ. 207 |
27.6. Time limitation in the context of commercial arbitration | Σελ. 208 |
27.7. Arbitration agreements | Σελ. 208 |
27.8. Statutory rules on arbitrators | Σελ. 209 |
27.9. Procedural rules | Σελ. 209 |
27.10. Procedural powers of arbitrators | Σελ. 209 |
27.11. Evidence | Σελ. 210 |
27.12. Intervention of local courts in arbitration proceedings | Σελ. 210 |
27.13. Remedies in breach of an arbitration agreement | Σελ. 211 |
27.14. Interim and final remedies available from the tribunal | Σελ. 212 |
27.15. Appeals and challenges | Σελ. 212 |
27.16. Legal fee structures | Σελ. 214 |
27.17. Liability to pay legal costs | Σελ. 214 |
27.18. Enforcement | Σελ. 215 |
28. Mediation | Σελ. 216 |
28.1. Use of mediation | Σελ. 216 |
28.2. Mediators | Σελ. 216 |
28.2.1. Accreditation requirements | Σελ. 216 |
28.2.2. Appointment | Σελ. 217 |
28.2.3. Requirements for independence and impartiality | Σελ. 217 |
28.2.4. Liability | Σελ. 217 |
28.3. Recourse to mediation | Σελ. 217 |
28.4. Time limitation and prescription periods in the context of mediation | Σελ. 218 |
28.5. Procedural rules | Σελ. 218 |
28.6. Confidentiality | Σελ. 218 |
28.7. Termination of mediation | Σελ. 219 |
28.8. Legal fee structures and costs | Σελ. 220 |
28.9. Enforcement | Σελ. 220 |
29. Recognition of Foreign Judgments | Σελ. 220 |
29.1. Introduction | Σελ. 220 |
29.2. Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and orders of third countries | Σελ. 221 |
29.2.1. Enforceability requirements: foreign orders | Σελ. 222 |
29.2.2. Enforceability requirements: foreign court judgments | Σελ. 222 |
29.2.3. Jurisdiction | Σελ. 223 |
29.2.4. Filing and content of action | Σελ. 224 |
29.2.5. Evidence | Σελ. 224 |
29.2.6. Examination of the Greek court | Σελ. 225 |
29.3. Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and orders of European Union countries | Σελ. 225 |
29.3.7. Reasons for denial of recognition | Σελ. 226 |
29.3.8. Declaration of enforceability | Σελ. 227 |
29.4. Appeals | Σελ. 228 |
29.4.1. Appeals pursuant to the provisions of Regulation 44/2001 | Σελ. 228 |
29.4.2. Appeals pursuant to the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure | Σελ. 230 |
29.5. Court costs | Σελ. 232 |
TABLES OF LEGISLATION | Σελ. 233 |
1. International Conventions | Σελ. 233 |
2. European Treaties and Legislation | Σελ. 233 |
2.1. Treaties | Σελ. 233 |
2.2. Regulations | Σελ. 234 |
2.3. Directives | Σελ. 234 |
3. National Legislation | Σελ. 236 |
3.1. Greek Constitution | Σελ. 236 |
3.2. Greek Codes | Σελ. 236 |
3.3. Greek Statutes | Σελ. 245 |
3.4. Legislative Decrees | Σελ. 260 |
3.5. Presidential Decrees | Σελ. 261 |
3.6. Royal Decrees | Σελ. 261 |
INDEX | Σελ. 263 |